The glass border: Gender and exporting in developing countries

Using firm-level data across 80 developing and transition economies, we explore the productivity differences between firms depending on their export status gender composition of leadership. We find that for small- medium-sized where leaders are arguably involved in ‘on ground’ activities, female-led exporters have an exporter premium three times comparable male firms. This suggests they face greater barriers. For larger firms, opposite, suggesting large, experience more difficulties gaining via learning by exporting. Together, these point to significant concerns female when